All About Bartholomew, a Disciple of Jesus

Bartholomew is a lesser-known character in the New Testament who is mentioned in each of the lists of the twelve disciples of Jesus Christ (Matthew 10:2-4; Mark 3:14-19; Luke 6:13-16). He is most likely the same individual as Nathanael (see John 1), someone who was sincerely studying the Scriptures and waiting for the Messiah to come.

His wait was no doubt rewarded when Jesus appointed him as one of the twelve, and he had the opportunity to witness the Messiah’s healing, teaching, and preaching ministry. He also experienced the outpouring of the Holy Spirit at Pentecost, spurring his work as a missionary for Jesus.

So, let’s dig deeper into what the Bible and historical Christian traditions can teach us about Bartholomew. We’ll cover:

• His background
• His discipleship
• His life after Jesus’ ascension
• His legacy

Bartholomew’s background

The first we read about Bartholomew is in Matthew 10:2-4:

“The names of the twelve apostles are these: first, Simon, who is called Peter, and Andrew his brother; James the son of Zebedee, and John his brother; Philip and Bartholomew; Thomas and Matthew the tax collector; James the son of Alphaeus, and Thaddaeus; Simon the Zealot, and Judas Iscariot, who betrayed him” (ESV).

The name Bartholomew gives us hints about his lineage. Bartholomew is Aramaic, meaning “son of Tolmai” or “son of Talmai” (in Aramaic, bar means “son”).¹

Scholars believe that Bartholomew is the same character as Nathanael (mentioned in John 1:45). Here’s what Bible commentators say about it:

“Nathanael was probably his own personal name. The Synoptic Gospels [Matthew, Mark, and Luke] make no mention of Nathanael, and the Gospel of John says nothing of Bartholomew. John mentions Nathanael, together with others of the Twelve, in a setting where it seems that none but disciples of the inner circle of Twelve were present (see ch. 21:2). Thus there is no valid reason for doubting that the two names Bartholomew and Nathanael refer to the same person.”²

In this case, Bartholomew was likely his family name, and Nathanael, his first name. And this makes sense, since it wasn’t uncommon for Jews in the first century to have two names.

According to John 21:2, he came from Cana of Galilee. And it’s there that his friend Philip found him and invited him to meet Jesus (John 1:43-45).

Bartholomew’s discipleship

Bartholomew is mentioned only a handful of times in the Gospel accounts. Still, because he was part of the twelve disciples, he would’ve been with them through many key events of Jesus’ ministry, such as the feeding of the 5,000, Jesus’ healing miracles, and the crucifixion.

Jesus would also have appointed him together with the other disciples to go out and preach, heal, and cast out demons (Mark 3:14-19).

The most we know about Bartholomew, though, comes from his first encounter with Jesus.

The account gives us evidence of a close connection between Bartholomew and Philip, the disciple who invited him to meet Jesus. Interestingly, Bartholomew is also always listed right after Philip when the disciples are named in the Bible (Matthew 10:2-4; Mark 3:14-19; Luke 6:13-16).

When Philip found Bartholomew, he exclaimed:

“We have found him of whom Moses in the Law and also the prophets wrote, Jesus of Nazareth, the son of Joseph” (John 1:45, ESV).

This tells us that both Philip and Bartholomew were earnest students of the Scriptures. They were eager for the promised Messiah of the Old Testament.

And yet, Bartholomew was a bit skeptical: “Can anything good come out of Nazareth?” (John 1:46, ESV).

Rather than arguing with him, Philip simply invited him to come and see (John 1:47). And so, Bartholomew did.

He wasn’t disappointed.

When Jesus saw Bartholomew coming toward Him, He said, “Behold, an Israelite indeed, in whom there is no deceit!” (John 1:47, ESV).

What a high compliment! Jesus recognized the sincerity in him. Bible commentators note:

“Nathanael was one of that small but devout group who earnestly waited for ‘the consolation of Israel’ (see Luke 2:25) and aspired to the high ideals set before them by God.”³

Bartholomew was taken aback. “How do You know me?” he asked (John 1:48, NKJV).

Jesus responded, “Before Philip called you, when you were under the fig tree, I saw you” (John 1:48, NKJV).

Jesus had taken notice of Bartholomew’s sincere longing for the Messiah. He knew him inside and out. This realization made Bartholomew exclaim:

“Rabbi, You are the Son of God! You are the King of Israel” (John 1:49, ESV).

And so began his faithful discipleship with Jesus. Though he would experience the disappointment of the crucifixion with the other disciples, he would emerge courageous and hopeful, empowered by the Holy Spirit.

Bartholomew’s life after Jesus’ ascension

Bartholomew was there with the other disciples (except Judas) after Jesus’ resurrection. He would’ve heard Jesus’ promise and commission: “But you will receive power when the Holy Spirit has come upon you, and you will be My witnesses in all Judea and Samaria, and to the end of the earth” (Acts 1:8, ESV).

Together with the other disciples, Bartholomew took those words to heart.

Acts 1:12-13 records that he went to Jerusalem and joined the disciples in the upper room. There, they prayed and waited for the outpouring of the Holy Spirit.

Acts 2 tells us the revolutionary results of those prayers. The disciples received the Holy Spirit “like a rushing mighty wind,” and began to preach the good news of Jesus (verse 1, NKJV). All their fears were quieted, and they boldly shared about the one they loved.

Though we don’t know the details, we can assume that Bartholomew, like the other disciples, went from there and began to preach the gospel.

According to a tradition taught by the church father Eusebius of Caesarea, Bartholomew went to India, taking with him a gospel account of Matthew in Hebrew.⁴

Other traditions say he went to Armenia, Ethiopia, Mesopotamia, Parthia (modern-day Iran), and Lycaonia (modern-day Turkey).⁵

Again, the Bible and history don’t tell us for sure, but it’s most likely that he died a martyr for his faith.

Here’s what Foxe’s Book of Martyrs says about Bartholomew’s death:

“Preached in several countries, and having translated the Gospel of Matthew into the language of India, he propagated it in that country. He was at length cruelly beaten and then crucified by the impatient idolaters.”⁶

Bartholomew remained sincere in his faith to the end—leaving an example for us.

Bartholomew’s legacy

We may not know much about Bartholomew—his life before following Christ, his time as a disciple, or his accomplishments as an apostle—but what we do know about him leaves us a beautiful legacy.

He shows us what it looks like to have a heart sincerely seeking truth.

Bartholomew was searching the Scriptures, wanting to be led by the Holy Spirit, wanting to see the Messiah. And Jesus took notice, commending him.

His simple faith guided his journey as a disciple and later a missionary sharing the gospel. And his possible martyrdom means that he was making enough of a difference for Jesus that people would have taken notice.

But above all, Bartholomew’s example is a promise to us that Jesus indeed notices those who seek Him in sincerity and humility.

Because in the end, regardless of our life accomplishments, it’s our relationship with Jesus that truly matters.

Want to learn more about the other disciples of Jesus? See what they were like and how Jesus led each one of them.